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Population: Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and its second-largest city after Ho Chi Minh City, with an estimated population of over 8.4 million (as of 2024). It serves as the political, cultural, and administrative center of the country, and is increasingly becoming a hub for tech and manufacturing.
English Prevalence:
English usage is moderate and improving, especially among younger people, professionals, and university graduates.
In government offices and traditional sectors, Vietnamese is dominant.
In business, startups, and international companies, English is commonly used, and many Vietnamese professionals are bilingual or at least functionally fluent.
Major Industries:
Government and Public Administration: As the capital, Hanoi houses all central government bodies, embassies, and policymaking institutions.
Manufacturing and Electronics: Significant industrial parks like Thang Long Industrial Park attract global players (e.g., Canon, Panasonic, Samsung suppliers).
Technology and Startups: Fast-growing scene supported by venture capital and strong IT talent from top local universities.
Construction and Real Estate: Booming due to urban expansion, infrastructure development, and foreign direct investment.
Tourism and Hospitality: Historic and cultural appeal brings both domestic and international tourism.
Education: Numerous international schools, universities, and R&D centers are based in Hanoi.
Business and Legal Support:
Ease of Doing Business: Vietnam ranks well in foreign investment attractiveness in Southeast Asia. Hanoi offers:
Company registration through the Department of Planning and Investment (DPI)
Opportunities for 100% foreign-owned enterprises, especially in export-oriented industries
Legal Framework:
Vietnam follows a civil law system, and Hanoi is home to national-level ministries that regulate business activities.
Foreigners need to understand investment licensing, tax registration, labor laws, and industry-specific permits.
Legal documentation must be in Vietnamese, with certified translations required.
Support Infrastructure:
Law firms (both local and international) are well-represented, especially for FDI, labor, and IP law.
Accounting and auditing firms (Big Four and local) provide English-language services.
Coworking spaces, accelerators, and chambers of commerce (AmCham, EuroCham, AusCham) offer business networking and advisory support.
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